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SHUTTER SPEED AND APERTURE

The amount of light on the sensor of the camera depends on the shutter speed, aperture and ISO value. You regulate with these three variables the exposure of the photo. All cameras have a built-in light measurement system, which makes a suggestion for the aperture and shutter speed at a preset iso-value. By various circumstances you may need to change the shutter speed or aperture, because the camera does not know how you want to get the picture and it does the wrong suggestions. Depending on the model you can choose:

1. Shutter speed (Shutter Priority): The camera selects the aperture automatically
2. Aperture (Aperture Priority): The camera selects the shutter speed
3. Program or Auto: the camera to set both (of all) values
4. Manual: set everything manually

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SHUTTER SPEED

The shutter speed means how long the sensor would be exposed. It is given in (part of) seconds: 1/250 means a shutter speed of 1/250th second and this is a standard speed for photographs taken in sunlight.

Very short shutter speeds (1/500 or 1/1000) are used to freeze fast-moving subjects, for example at sporting events. If you want to have a smooth movement effect use a longer shutter speed.
Evening- and night photos need a shutter speed of more seconds. The most simple compact `s can handle a shutter speed of 5'(5 seconds) and are only suitable for evening photography not for night photos.
Remember, longer shutter speeds without a tripod can cause blur!

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APERTURE AND DEPTH OF FIELD

The aperture controls the amount of light passing through the lens and it has also an effect on focus and depth of field. The current focal length divided by the f-number gives the actual aperture size in millimeters. It is confusing, but a small number means a large opening, and vice versa: f2.8 is a big aperture.

The aperture determines the depth of field. A wide aperture (f-number small) results in an image that is sharp around what the lens is focusing on and blurred otherwise. This is a very nice effect for portraits. For landscapes, where the foreground and background should be sharp, use a higher number.

The aperture also determines the amount of light on the sensor. A large aperture (small number) results more light on the sensor and the shutter speed could be shorter at the same ISO value. In some circumstances it can be very useful. For example, if you don`t have a tripod and wouldn`t like to use flash.

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